DECALCIFICATION METHODS COMPARISON

Neutral EDTA: slow; generally best morphology, antigenicity, and nucleic-acid preservation. Often preferred for marrow cores and specimens requiring IHC/ISH/molecular testing.

Formic acid: moderate speed; usually better preservation than strong mineral acids, but overexposure can weaken morphology and staining.

Hydrochloric acid: fast; greater risk of nuclear loss, antigen damage, and molecular-test compromise. Requires strict endpoint control.

Nitric acid: fast; high risk of tissue and staining damage with excess exposure. Monitor frequently.

Commercial/mixed acids: product-dependent. Follow IFU and perform local bridging validation.

Selection principle: do not choose by speed alone. Consider specimen type, diagnostic question, downstream tests, local validation, and endpoint monitoring.
